Green hydrogen is a form of renewable energy that can be produced by splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity from renewable sources. Electrolyzers are devices that perform this process of water electrolysis. Other types of hydrogen, such as blue hydrogen and grey hydrogen, are produced from fossil fuels and emit carbon dioxide. Green hydrogen is better than these types of hydrogen, as it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide a clean and versatile energy carrier.
Green hydrogen production has several advantages over other methods of hydrogen production. First, it does not rely on fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to global warming. Second, it can use excess or off-peak electricity from renewable sources, such as solar or wind, which are intermittent and variable. Third, it can store energy in the form of hydrogen, which can be transported and used in various applications, such as fuel cells, power generation, industry, and mobility.
However, green hydrogen production also faces some challenges and limitations. One of them is the high cost of electrolysis equipment and electricity. The cost of green hydrogen depends on several factors, such as the type of electrolyzer, the electricity price, the scale of production, and the location. According to some estimates, the current cost of green hydrogen ranges from 3 to 6 euros per kilogram, while the target cost for 2030 is 2 euros per kilogram. Another challenge is the low availability and reliability of renewable electricity sources, which may affect the operation and efficiency of electrolysis. A third challenge is the lack of infrastructure and regulations for hydrogen distribution and utilization, which may hinder the market development and adoption of green hydrogen
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Summary of green hydrogen in the future 2030
Green hydrogen is a form of hydrogen gas that is produced from renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, or hydro power. Green hydrogen has the potential to be a clean and versatile energy carrier that can be used for various applications, such as transportation, industry, power generation, and heating. Green hydrogen can also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy security by diversifying the energy mix.
In the future 2030, green hydrogen is expected to play a significant role in the global energy transition and contribute to the achievement of the Paris Agreement goals. According to a report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), green hydrogen could account for 12% of total final energy consumption by 2050, with a cumulative investment of $11 trillion. The report also identifies key drivers and barriers for green hydrogen deployment and provides recommendations for policy makers and stakeholders.
Some of the main drivers for green hydrogen development include:
- The increasing cost-competitiveness of renewable energy sources and electrolyzers, which are devices that split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity.
- The growing demand for low-carbon fuels and chemicals in various sectors, such as transport, industry, and power.
- The availability of abundant renewable resources and existing gas infrastructure in many regions, which can facilitate green hydrogen production and distribution.
- The emergence of regional and international cooperation initiatives and partnerships, such as the European Green Deal, the Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting, and the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative.
Some of the main barriers for green hydrogen deployment include:
- The lack of clear and consistent regulatory frameworks and standards for green hydrogen production, transport, storage, and use.
- The high capital costs and technical challenges associated with green hydrogen infrastructure development and integration.
- The limited public awareness and acceptance of green hydrogen as a safe and reliable energy option.
- The need for more research and innovation to improve the efficiency, performance, and durability of green hydrogen technologies and systems.
To overcome these barriers and accelerate green hydrogen deployment, IRENA recommends:
- Developing long-term national strategies and roadmaps for green hydrogen that align with the national energy plans and climate targets.
- Establishing supportive policies and incentives for green hydrogen production and consumption, such as carbon pricing, subsidies, tax credits, mandates, and guarantees of origin.
- Enhancing cross-sectoral coordination and collaboration among different stakeholders, such as governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organizations.
- Promoting knowledge sharing and capacity building on green hydrogen best practices and lessons learned across regions and countries.
- Increasing investment in research and development to foster innovation and scale-up of green hydrogen technologies and solutions.
Green hydrogen is a promising energy option that can enable a sustainable and resilient energy future. By taking advantage of the opportunities and addressing the challenges, green hydrogen can become a key component of the global energy transition by 2030.Â
Write by Suradach WankawisantÂ
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